Insomnia

What can you do about insomnia?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, or premature awakening in the morning, resulting in a feeling of fatigue upon waking. There are two types of insomnia:

Transient insomnia, which is temporary and often occurs in response to a stressful life event.
Chronic insomnia, which occurs at least three times a week for more than three months. It can be caused by psychological factors, medical conditions, or poor sleep habits.

Did you know?

According to studies, it is estimated that between 10 and 20% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia.

Causes of insomnia

Psychological factors: stress, anxiety, depression, emotional disorders
Environmental factors: noise, excessive light, unsuitable temperature
Inappropriate sleep habits: irregular schedules, use of screens before bedtime, prolonged naps
Medical factors: chronic pain, sleep-disordered breathing (apnea), gastroesophageal reflux disease
Substance use: caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, certain medications

Symptoms of insomnia

Difficulty falling asleep despite feeling tired
Frequent nighttime awakenings
Premature awakening in the morning, with no possibility of prolonging sleep
Non-restorative sleep, leading to feelings of fatigue in the morning
Irritability, stress, and anxiety
Decreased concentration and cognitive performance
Increased risk of daytime sleepiness, which may affect daily activities and alertness while driving

The health consequences of insomnia

Insomnia affects physical and mental health by weakening the immune system and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, mood disorders, and cognitive decline. Appropriate treatment can improve sleep quality and prevent complications.

How to treat insomnia?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I)

This is the standard treatment for chronic insomnia not associated with another condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia aims to correct bad habits and restructure negative thoughts related to sleep.

Medication treatments

Tolerance and dependence are the most feared risks associated with sleeping pills, which is why they are only used as a last resort under medical prescription. Sleeping pills can be effective in the short term but do not treat the cause of insomnia.

FAQ – Insomnia

See the FAQ page

Does insomnia increase with age?

With age, sleep patterns change: nighttime awakenings become more frequent, deep sleep decreases, and falling asleep can be more difficult. These changes are normal, but chronic insomnia is not inevitable. Good sleep hygiene and appropriate treatment can help maintain restful sleep.

Can insomnia be a symptom of an underlying condition?

Yes, insomnia can be a sign of underlying conditions such as:

Depression and anxiety disorders,
Sleep apnea,
Restless legs syndrome,
Hyperthyroidism.

If insomnia is persistent and accompanied by other symptoms, it is advisable to consult a sleep specialist to identify any possible medical causes.

Sleeping pills and insomnia: a misleading solution?

Sleeping pills may offer temporary relief, but they do not treat the cause of insomnia. Prolonged use can lead to dependence and decreased effectiveness. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective non-drug alternative for restoring natural, sustainable sleep.